Goldstine, Herman H. (1980), The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-02367-0

a b Budge, E.A. Wallis (1932). The Chronography of Gregory Abu'l-Faraj. Vol.I. Amsterdam, NL: APA – Philo Pres. p.98. Cragon, Harvey G. (2003), From Fish to Colossus: How the German Lorenz Cipher was Broken at Bletchley Park, Dallas: Cragon Books, ISBN 0-9743045-0-6 – A detailed description of the cryptanalysis of Tunny, and some details of Colossus (contains some minor errors) Sterling, Christopher H., ed. (2007), Military Communications: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1851097326 Months after leaving the X-Men to live a peaceful life in Russia, Colossus was convinced by his sister Illyana to rejoin the team and help them with the mutant refugees in X-Haven in light of the M-Pox breakout. [106]

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Good, I. J. (1979), "Early Work on Computers at Bletchley", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 1 (1): 38–48, doi: 10.1109/MAHC.1979.10011, S2CID 22670337

Biography of Professor Tutte - Combinatorics and Optimization". Uwaterloo.ca. 13 March 2015. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019 . Retrieved 26 October 2017. As an example: a set of runs for a message tape might initially involve two chi wheels, as in Tutte's 1+2 algorithm. Such a two-wheel run was called a long run, taking on average eight minutes unless the parallelism was utilised to cut the time by a factor of five. The subsequent runs might only involve setting one chi wheel, giving a short run taking about two minutes. Initially, after the initial long run, the choice of the next algorithm to be tried was specified by the cryptanalyst. Experience showed, however, that decision trees for this iterative process could be produced for use by the Wren operators in a proportion of cases. [66] Influence and fate [ edit ]Colossus: Creating a Giant on YouTube A short film made by Google to celebrate Colossus and those who built it, in particular Tommy Flowers. An overview of Colossus, the world's first large-scale electronic computer. (more) See all videos for this article Even as a teenager his superhuman strength was impressive placing him in the upper tiers of strength in the Marvel Universe at approximately 70-75 tons.

As to his strength being "displayed consistently", well...that's a bit more dicey. To my knowledge, no marvel hero has had their strengths be "consistent" throughout an entire series; on the plus side, they tend to grow over time, like any well trained skill or muscle. On the other, retcons can change reasons or rationale behind powers. Plotwise, we have seen abilities falter or things that shouldn't happen to them happen, just as a result of the story needing to progress. Colossus is subject to this same happening; yes his overall powers will always remain the same, but their "extent" can depend heavily on the writer, the context, and the demands of story, plot and drama. Good, I. J. (1980), "Pioneering Work on Computers at Bletchley", in Metropolis, Nicholas; Howlett, J.; Rota, Gian-Carlo (eds.), A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century, New York: Academic Press, ISBN 0124916503 Granted, Colossus' power has actually grown over time; when he first arrived at Xavier's school in the 616 universe as a young adult/late teenager, feats at the above level where never shown. Concurrently, in later comics [decades chronologically, but in story where he was his late 20s-early 30s], he was shown being strong enough to stand up to [even if he was defeated by] an enraged Hulk, with his agility outclassing that of the monster. This can be seen here: Superhuman Stamina: Also, while in armored form, Colossus' musculature produces considerably less fatigue toxins than the musculature of a normal human. At his peak, he can physically exert himself at peak capacity for several days before the buildup of fatigue toxins in his blood begins to impair him. [133] He also does not need to breathe while transformed, but it is believed that he could not survive for long in a vacuum. [41]Professor Brian Randell, who unearthed information about Colossus in the 1970s, commented on this, saying that: Colossus is a term that refers to a giant or monumental statue or structure. In modern usage, it is often used to describe a person or entity that is extremely powerful or influential. The term is often used in the context of military or political power, such as a country or leader that is able to exert significant i In 2008, The Guardian reported that a modern Colossus was to be built at the harbour entrance by the German artist Gert Hof leading a Cologne-based team. It was to be a giant light sculpture made partially out of melted-down weapons from around the world. It would cost up to €200million. [27]

During his time as the Avatar of Cyttorak, Colossus stayed in his steel form. He revealed that the reason for this is that in steel form he is a hero and in flesh form he is a man. He believes that as a hero perhaps he could fight the urge for destruction while as a man he wouldn't stand a chance. [92] Colossus is a mutant whose powers were due to his cellular replacement of his organic structure with an extra-dimensional organic osmium steel. This allowed his body to increase his physical resilience and superhuman strength. After the events of Schism, Kitty Pryde attempted to convince him to go with her to Westchester. Colossus chose to remain on Utopia however, stating that with all that he carried inside himself as the Juggernaut, he was not fit to be around children, effectively ending their relationship. [90] He then joined Cyclops' Extinction Team. During a mission to Tabula Rasa in which Colossus fought a number of monsters in search for his sister, he was shown to take on aspects of Cyttorak, including spikes and claws. After being calmed down by his sister, however, these aspects vanished. Eventually, he volunteered to be imprisoned alongside his sister due to being afraid of losing control of himself. The Russian Navy deploys a ballistic missile submarine fleet consisting of four 24,000-ton Borei I class SSBNs, six 18,200-ton Delta IV class SSBNs, one recently overhauled Delta III class SSBN (Ryazan), and the last of the largest submarine class ever built, the giant Typhoon class Dmitriy Donskoy (TK-208)....With an estimated submerged displacement of more than 48,000 tons, Typhoon class boats have more than twice the total displacement of the American Ohios, yet carry four fewer missiles. While it may not be "canon" due to this example being in the Ultimates universe, I'd cite a correlation based around the similarities in portrayal of power bases between that and the 616 universe. Even the numbers [according to the wiki] seem to match up fairly, as shown here. Included is a statement about his super human strength:Construction [ edit ] Timeline and map of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, including the Colossus of Rhodes